One-Pager on Civil Rights (Summative)

This is a summative one-pager assignment on Civil Rights. You are to pick one person from the below list and using the data provided plus the internet find at least two quotes on that person or by that person. You will then write your response to their quotes. This will all be done on the rough draft side of the one-pager. You will then transfer all of this information to the front of the page, you will also illustrate what had taken place according to the data and quotes. You build your one-pager in the form of a PowerPoint presentation. There is also a link to free Powerpoint templates if you so choose.

The Challenge to Social Segregation
    By the time of the Little Rock incident, the nation had already become aware of the heightened struggle in the South. African Americans in Montgomery Alabama organized a boycott of city buses in protest of the policy of segregated seating. The boycott lasted about 381 days, instigated by Rosa Parks. It led to integrating seating and the formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in Atlanta Georgia. This was a national organization presided over by a local black minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. In 1960, a major incident led to the founding of another important social organization and expanded the movement's participants to college-aged African Americans. Four students from all-black North Carolina Agricultural and Technical Colleges initiated sit-ins at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Students from other colleges and universities followed with similar sit-ins, bringing about the desegregation of several hundred lunch counters. From these protesters, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was formed.
    Soon after, many SNCC members joined forces with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). CORE organized the Freedom Riders of 1961. Black and white Freedom Riders boarded commercial busses in Washington D.C. and traveled a journey through the South to test the 1960 Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia, which outlawed segregation in interstate transportation terminals. Even though the riders were beaten, arrested, and in one case had their bus burned, the Freedom Riders were ultimately successful. The SNCC also organized local campaigns with the NAACP branches to win voting rights for blacks and to end segregation in public areas.
    Social Segregation was a significant time in US history. The SNCC played a major role during this time period. As SNCC became more active politically, its members faced increased violence. In response, the SNCC still pushed the philosophy of nonviolence. Many early members of this committee were white. This was one of the first times we see whites and blacks joining together to help gain equality for all. This time period also proved the fight and dedication Americans had to fix a matter at hand. The civil rights changed history, by giving African Americans the rights they wanted and deserved.

 Ruby Bridges: A Class of One

    In the year 1960, people of New Orleans were less than thrilled to hear that in the fall, a young African American girl, Ruby Bridges, would be attending first grade at the William Frantz Elementary School, a formerly all-white public school. Earlier that year, Ruby’s entire kindergarten class was given a test to see which students were eligible to attend the first grade at an integrated school, and Ruby was one of the few who passed. The idea of an African American child attending an integrated school at this time was a scary thought for many parents as many people found the idea unacceptable. It was for this reason that the few other children who passed the exam remained in all-black schools, leaving Ruby to attend her new school alone. As she walked into William Frantz on her very first day of the first grade, marshals surrounded her, protecting her from the mob of infuriated parents. Every day from then on, Ruby was escorted into school by the group of marshals as white parents yelled and chanted threatening words at her.
    Every day, the school was a struggle for Ruby, who was taught alone in a separate classroom by her teacher, Mrs. Henry. Simply because of her race, she was not allowed to interact with others in the school. As a mere six-year-old, Ruby understood none of this and prayed every day that the white people outside, awaiting her arrival to school, could be more like her teacher: kind and accepting. Despite the many daily challenges she had to face, Ruby finished out
her year at William Frantz Elementary and made an impact on society greater than she could have ever imagined. The bravery of this six-year-old girl was an
inspiration to many. The following year, when Ruby returned to school, things were very different from what she remembered. There were no longer angry parents
soliciting the entrance of the school. When she went inside, she discovered many other African American children were now attending the school as well and they
were allowed to be taught all as one.
    Ruby Bridges played an enormous part in the Civil Rights Movement that will never be forgotten. It was because of people like her that our society is
the way it is today. Her bravery was a major influence that many followed and was a major success in creating equal rights for people of all races. The story
of Ruby Bridges was proof that even someone very young can have a huge impact on society.

 The Murder of Emmett Till

Summary
    Emmett Till was a young 14-year-old African American. Emmett was a young boy who was from Chicago but went to Mississippi to visit his cousin who lived there. While Emmett was in Mississippi he went to a store with his cousin. Emmett had whistled at a white woman, even though no one had told him that was not accepted for African Americans to do in the South. Till and his cousin quickly fled the area to go home. That night the woman's husband and a friend went to Emmett's great-uncle's house and wanted to take Emmett Till. Emmett's great-uncle tried to give them money so that they would not take Emmett away. On August 28, 1955, Emmett Till was kidnapped from his home and was beaten, shot in the head, and then thrown in the Tallahatchie River. Three days after being killed Emmett was found in the river by a young boy who was fishing. Emmett had a fan tied to him with wire to keep him down.
    After his body was found, Mamie Till-Mobley, Emmett's mother, wanted his body to be sent to Chicago. Once his body was sent to Chicago she wanted to have an open-casket funeral. The murderers whose names were Roy Bryant and J.W Milam were trialed for the death and murder of Emmett Till. The jury of all the white men found their fellow peers not guilty. A few months later, Roy and J.W.confessed to the magazine Look Magazine that they had murdered Emmett Till. They could not be tried again because of double jeopardy.
 Commentary
         This event is quite significant to American history. This tragic event is significant to history because it sparked the Civil Rights Movement. This event was the beginning of the end equality between whites and African-Americans. This article shows the hard and tough things that African Americans had to go through during this time period. 

 “A Freedom Ride Memory”

The Freedom Rides were designed to desegregate public transportation throughout the south. The riders wanted to test the Supreme Court decision that declared segregation on interstate buses unconstitutional. CORE organized interracial bus rides to the south where whites would sit in the back, blacks would sit in the front, and at rest stops the whites would go into blacks-only areas and vice versa. In 1961, Kredelle Petway was one of 436 people who challenged transit segregation by bus, train or plane rides. She was a Freedom Rider.
    The Petaway family had chosen to participate in the Freedom Rides after seeing film footage and photos of the events surrounding the Freedom Riders. She remembers sitting around the dinner table discussing the trip with her father. They would not go by bus, but by plane. They are called the “Flying Petways'' because they were the only family act in the movement who went by plane to their destination. They would depart Montgomery's airport and act like a family taking a regular trip, but it did not go as planned. Police were called in to remove them from a lunch counter in the Montgomery airport after they were denied service and refused to leave. Although the police sided with the Petaways, they were asked to leave. Although they were not successful, Kredelle Petaway is proud of herself for what she did.
    The Freedom Rides were significant to the Civil Rights Era because they convinced the ICC to declare a ban on segregation in all facilities. Kredelle Petaway is not well known, but she plays an important role by participating in the Freedom Rides. She helped fight for Civil Rights and although her trip was not successful, she played a small part in a big fight to end segregation. Every voice and every action counts. She also had a lot of courage to be the only one to act in the Freedom Rides by plane.

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